Pharmacy benefits managers, or PBMs, like Medco handle prescription drug plans for insurance companies and employer clients, and also operate large mail-order pharmacies.
The National Association of Chain Drug Stores counts among its members such retail heavyweights as CVS Caremark Corp , Walgreen Co, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc, Target Corp, Supervalu Inc and Rite Aid Corp .
The groups argued that if the deal is allowed to go through, it would hurt retail pharmacies, specialty pharmacies which administer expensive and hard to manage drugs for conditions like hemophilia, and large employers who need full service, nationwide pharmacy benefits services.
The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
Antitrust expert Evan Stewart, from the law firm Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, said private efforts to stop mergers rarely succeed unless antitrust regulators express concern about concentration in the market in question.
"If the government agency approves it, the chance that the private plaintiffs will be able to challenge it (successfully) is not high," he said.
In separate filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on Wednesday, Express Scripts and Medco said they expected that they may be in a position to close the transaction as soon as the week of April 2.
The companies also cautioned that there was no assurance the closing conditions would be satisfied or that the proposed deal would be consummated.
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